Cities were first conceived as complex systems in the 1960s. In His Nobel lecture Ilia Prigogine (1977) and later in in his writings Ilia Prigogine uses the city as a metaphor of complexity. However it was Peter Allen who first developed a complexity theory of cities (Allen and Sanglier 1981) and by doing so he started the domain of CTC – complexity theory of cities. Developers need to understand this processes when realizing their real estate projects.
The concept of being 'at the edge of chaos' originates from complexity science and was coined and conceptualized by Christopher Langton, while studying cellular automata – simple rule–based systems used…
Everybody in real estate, in academia as well as in the industry, confirms that real estate and development are complex; using the word ‚complex’ in a general sense. The author…
The Cynefin framework, developed by Dave Snowden in 1999, is a decision-making model that helps leaders and managers understand the complexity of different situations and determine the appropriate responses. The…